Me ya sa ba zai iya rage yawan iskar oxygen ya inganta rayuwar gajiyar ƙarfe ba? Bayan bincike, an yi imani da cewa dalilin shi ne cewa bayan da adadin oxide inclusions da aka rage, da wuce haddi sulfide ya zama wani m factor shafi gajiya gajiya na karfe. Sai kawai ta hanyar rage abun ciki na oxides da sulfides a lokaci guda, za'a iya amfani da yuwuwar kayan gabaɗaya kuma za'a iya inganta rayuwar gajiyar ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Wadanne abubuwa ne zasu shafi rayuwar gajiyar karfe? Ana nazarin matsalolin da ke sama kamar haka:
1. Tasirin nitrides akan rayuwar gajiya
Wasu malaman sun yi nuni da cewa idan aka kara sinadarin nitrogen a cikin karfen, adadin nitrides yana raguwa. Wannan shi ne saboda raguwa a cikin matsakaicin girman girman abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin karfe. Ƙaddamar da fasaha, har yanzu akwai ɗimbin adadin abubuwan haɗawa da ƙasa da 0.2 in. ƙidaya. Daidai kasancewar waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin nitride waɗanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye ga rayuwar gajiyar ƙarfe. Ti yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa masu ƙarfi don samar da nitrides. Yana da ƙaramin ƙayyadadden nauyi kuma yana da sauƙin iyo. Wani ɓangare na Ti ya kasance a cikin ƙarfe don samar da haɗaɗɗun kusurwa masu yawa. Irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka haɗa suna iya haifar da ƙaddamarwar damuwa na gida da raguwar gajiya, don haka ya zama dole a sarrafa abin da ya faru na irin waɗannan abubuwan.
Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa an rage yawan iskar oxygen a cikin karfe zuwa ƙasa da 20ppm, ana ƙara yawan abun ciki na nitrogen, girman, nau'in da rarraba abubuwan da ba a haɗa da ƙarfe ba, kuma an rage raguwa da kwanciyar hankali. Kodayake ƙwayoyin nitride a cikin ƙarfe suna ƙaruwa, ƙwayoyin suna da ƙananan ƙananan kuma ana rarraba su a cikin yanayin da aka tarwatsa a cikin iyakar hatsi ko a cikin hatsi, wanda ya zama abin da ya dace, don haka ƙarfin da ƙarfin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi ya dace sosai. kuma taurin da ƙarfin karfe yana ƙaruwa sosai. , musamman ingantacciyar sakamako na saduwa da gajiyar rayuwa shine manufa.
2. Tasirin oxides akan rayuwar gajiya
Abubuwan da ke cikin iskar oxygen a cikin karfe shine muhimmin abu da ke shafar kayan. Ƙananan abun ciki na iskar oxygen, mafi girma da tsabta da kuma tsawon rayuwa mai dacewa. Akwai dangantaka ta kud da kud tsakanin abun da ke cikin iskar oxygen a cikin karfe da oxides. A lokacin solidification tsari na narkakken karfe, da narkar da oxygen na aluminum, alli, silicon da sauran abubuwa Forms oxides. Abun hada oxide aiki ne na iskar oxygen. Yayin da abun ciki na oxygen ya ragu, abubuwan da ke tattare da oxide za su ragu; Abubuwan da ke cikin nitrogen iri ɗaya ne da abun ciki na oxygen, kuma yana da alaƙar aiki tare da nitride, amma saboda oxide ya fi tarwatse a cikin ƙarfe, yana taka rawa iri ɗaya da fulcrum na carbide. , don haka ba shi da wani mummunan tasiri a rayuwar gajiyar karfe.
Saboda kasancewar oxides, ƙarfe yana lalata ci gaba da matrix na ƙarfe, kuma saboda haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar oxides ya fi ƙanƙanta da haɓakar haɓakar matrix ɗin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi, lokacin da aka fuskanci matsananciyar matsananciyar damuwa, yana da sauƙi don haifar da ƙaddamarwar damuwa kuma ya zama. asalin gajiyar karfe. Yawancin damuwa na damuwa yana faruwa tsakanin oxides, ƙaddamar da maki da matrix. Lokacin da danniya ya kai babban adadin ƙima, raguwa zai faru, wanda zai faɗaɗa da sauri kuma ya lalata. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar filastik na haɗawa da kuma mafi girman siffar, mafi girma da damuwa.
3. Tasirin sulfide akan rayuwar gajiya
Kusan dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin sulfur a cikin karfe suna wanzuwa a cikin nau'in sulfides. Mafi girman abun ciki na sulfur a cikin karfe, mafi girman sulfide a cikin karfe. Duk da haka, saboda sulfide za a iya da kyau kewaye da oxide, da tasiri na oxide a kan gajiya rayuwa ya ragu, don haka tasiri na yawan inclusions a kan gajiya rayuwa ba Kwata-kwata, alaka da yanayi, size da kuma rarraba. da hadawa. Yawancin wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa da su, raguwar rayuwar gajiyar dole ne, kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da sauran abubuwan da ke tasiri sosai. A cikin nau'in karfe, sulfides suna tarwatsa kuma ana rarraba su a cikin tsari mai kyau, kuma an haɗa su da abubuwan da aka haɗa da oxide, waɗanda ke da wuyar ganewa ko da ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙarfe. Gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa bisa tushen asali, ƙara yawan adadin Al yana da tasiri mai kyau akan rage oxides da sulfides. Wannan shi ne saboda Ca yana da ingantaccen ƙarfin desulfurization. Abubuwan da aka haɗa suna da ɗan tasiri akan ƙarfin, amma sun fi cutarwa ga ƙarfin ƙarfe, kuma girman lalacewa ya dogara da ƙarfin karfe.
Xiao Jimei, sanannen kwararre, ya yi nuni da cewa, shigar da karafa lokaci ne mai karyewa, yayin da mafi girman juzu'i, yana rage taurin; girman girman abubuwan da aka haɗa, da sauri taurin yana raguwa. Don tsananin ɓarkewar ɓarna, ƙarami girman girman abubuwan da aka haɗa da ƙaramin tazara na abubuwan da aka haɗa, mafi ƙarfi ba kawai ba ya raguwa, amma yana ƙaruwa. Rage karaya ba shi da yuwuwar faruwa, don haka yana ƙara ƙarfin karaya. Wani ya yi gwaji na musamman: batches biyu na karfe A da B suna cikin nau'in karfe ɗaya ne, amma abubuwan da ke cikin kowannensu sun bambanta.
Bayan maganin zafi, batches biyu na karafa A da B sun kai daidai da ƙarfi na 95 kg/mm', kuma ƙarfin amfanin karfen A da B iri ɗaya ne. Dangane da elongation da raguwar yanki, ƙarfe B yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da A karfe har yanzu ya cancanci. Bayan gwajin gajiya (juyawa mai jujjuyawa), an gano cewa: Karfe abu ne mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da iyakacin gajiya; B abu ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da ƙarancin gajiya. Lokacin da cyclic danniya na karfe samfurin ne dan kadan mafi girma fiye da gajiya iyaka na A karfe, rayuwar B karfe ne kawai 1/10 na A karfe. Abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin ƙarfe A da B sune oxides. Dangane da jimlar adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa, tsabtataccen ƙarfe A ya fi na ƙarfe B, amma ƙwayoyin oxide na ƙarfe A suna da girman iri ɗaya kuma ana rarraba su daidai; karfe B yana ƙunshe da wasu manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa, kuma rarrabawar ba iri ɗaya ba ce. . Wannan ya nuna cikakken cewa ra'ayin Mr. Xiao Jimei daidai ne.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2022